Pleasure & Jouissance


Pleasure, says Lacan, is a reduction of tension in the psychic system.  For example, pleasure is the satisfaction I get when I eat a great meal when I’m very hungry.  Jouissance, by contrast, is when you compulsively eat and eat and eat, despite the fact that your continued consumption causes you a great deal of pain and discomfort.  You can’t stop yourself.  Pleasure is sneezing after a build-up of your nose itching.  Jouissance is cutting yourself with razor blades.  Pleasure is making love.  Jouissance is fucking fifteen or twenty times in a single day– or doing the masturbatory equivalent –even though it’s no longer pleasurable and has even become painful.  Evoking Lacan’s example from Seminar 7, jouissance is going through the door to be with the forbidden woman even though you know you’ll be punished for all eternity for doing so (i.e., you destroy yourself).

The concept of jouissance is slippery.  We’re told that jouissance is something that we lose when we enter the symbolic order and that we perpetually try to regain.  However, given the examples above, it sounds like jouissance is a pretty horrible thing.  Indeed, Lacan often talks about jouissance as something that’s traumatic, and speaks of desire as an attempt to defend against jouissance. 

Pleasure is something that we lose when we enter the symbolic order and that jouissance is the repetitive trace of this traumatic loss that we can’t escape from in our live.

When the person enters the clinic their demand is often “How can I get rid of my jouissance? Free me of my jouissance!” In other words, jouissance is that which derails and subverts our aims, plans, and pleasures, not something that we “enjoy”.

The surplus of surplus-jouissance is not a pleasure, but the perpetual reappearance of a traumatic lack arising from the gap between words and things.  I hear a number of Lacanians say that objet a is the object of our desire, that it’s what we want.  I think this is profoundly sloppy and not at all true.  Objet a is what causes our desire, not the thing we say we want.  It’s why we’re not simply creatures of need (beings that could be satisfied and where the pleasure principle would reign), but are desiring creatures.  The objet a’s are never the objects we think we desire, but always function “behind our backs”, leading us to repeat.

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